Spanish Social Democratic Party PSOE was the clear winner of Sunday’s general election in Spain. PSOE won 28.7 % of the votes and 123 parliamentary seats, an increase of 38 seats. However, the left-wing coalition Unidas Podemos won 14.3 % of the votes and 42 seats, a loss of 29 seats. (1, 2)
A more significant upheaval seems to be taking place amid Spanish right-wing parties. The conservative party Partido Popular PP suffered historic defeat by losing over half of its seats (loss of 71 seats) and by winning 16.7 % of the votes. Ciudadanos won 15.9 % of the votes and 57 seats, an increase of 25 seats. (1) There have been indications that Ciudadanos is becoming more right-wing and the success of the party in this election will make it challenger of the PP. (2, 3, 4, 5)
The biggest shock was the success of far-right party Vox. The party won 24 seats and 10.3 % of the votes and it became the first far-right party to enter the Spanish parliament after decades (6). Vox has become known for its strong, aggressive rhetoric and its stance against multiculturalism, mass immigration, Muslims and women’s rights. Vox has drawn inspiration from French, British and American hard-line right-win populists. Members of the party have shown their admiration for President Trump and his policies and they like to use slogans that are similar to the ones used by Trump. (7)
Vox has quite interesting connections to neoconservatives and other right-wing politicians in the U.S. camp. Leading Spanish neoconservative and former Prime Minister of Spain, José María Aznar, is seen as influencer or “tsar” of the three Spanish right-wing parties Vox, PP and Ciudadanos (8). Aznar has spoken favorably about Santiago Abascal, current leader of Vox and former member of PP. Aznar said in October that Abascal is a “boy full of good qualities.” (9) Rafael Bardají, another leading Spanish neoconservative and former advisor of Aznar, is now strategist of Vox. Bardají is well-known for his strong support for Israel and for his anti-Muslim stance. Bardají is founder and former director of Madrid-based right-wing think-tank Strategic Studies Group GEES and he is also Executive Director of the Friends of Israel Initiative. (10, 11) Steve Bannon, former advisor of President Trump, endorsed Vox after meeting Bardají, last year. Bannon has wanted Vox to be part of his European far-right alliance The Movement. (7, 10)
Even though Vox is now known for its Islamophobia, the party has actually received funding from Iranian dissident groups. When Vox was founded as a splinter group of PP in 2013, one of the founders of Vox, Alejo Vidal-Quadras, arranged funding for the new party from exiled Iranian group National Council of Resistance of Iran NCRI. According to a spokesperson for the NCRI, the organization gave funding without knowing that Vox would become a far-right party. The NCRI is now considered to be a “front organization” of Iranian terrorist cult Mojahedin-e-Khalq MEK. Several American politicians have shown their support for MEK. President Trump’s lawyer Rudy Giuliani and National Security Advisor John Bolton consider MEK to be a legitimate opposition to the current Iranian government. (12)
References:
1) “Analysis: How did Sunday’s elections change Spain’s political landscape?” El País 29.4.2019
https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/04/29/inenglish/1556519911_184823.html
2) Elecciones generales 2019 – Resultados El País 29.4.2019
https://resultados.elpais.com/elecciones/generales.html
3) “Everyone against Ciudadanos” El País 30.11.2017
https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/11/30/inenglish/1512056948_465189.html
4) “Spain’s Albert Rivera shifts party rightward ahead of vote” Financial Times 24.3.2019
https://www.ft.com/content/1774e27e-4a29-11e9-8b7f-d49067e0f50d
5) “Ciudadanos disputa al PP el liderazgo de la derecha” El País 29.4.2019
https://elpais.com/politica/2019/04/28/actualidad/1556462369_564500.html
6) “Spanish election: socialists win amid far-right gains for Vox party” The Guardian 29.4.2019
7) “Vox: Who are the Trump-inspired far-right Spanish nationalist party and what do they stand for?” The Independent 11.1.2019
8) “A Darkening Horizon” Jacobin 17.12.2018
https://jacobinmag.com/2018/12/spain-municipal-elections-vox-far-right
9) “Abascal, busting Spain’s ‘traitors’ to resurrect far-right” Yahoo Finance 29.4.2019
10) “Bannon sets his eyes on Spain” European Council on Foreign Relations ECFR 24.10.2018
https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_bannon_sets_his_eyes_on_spain
11) Contributors – Rafael Bardají Octavian Report
https://octavianreport.com/contributor/rafael-bardaji/
12) “Spain’s Vox Party Hates Muslims – Except the Ones Who Fund It” Foreign Policy 27.4.2019
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