The horrible war between Hamas and Israel has now continued over two months. During Israel’s siege and carpet bombing of Gaza over 18,000 Palestinians have been killed and over 49,000 have been injured. 85 percent of the population in Gaza is internally displaced. Around 1,200 have died on the Israeli side. (1) Since the start of the war, settler attacks against Palestinians have more than doubled in the West Bank and at least 275 Palestinians have been killed there (2).

Last month, over 800 scholars and other experts warned about the possibility of the crime of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip (3). Independent experts of the United Nations warned that “grave violations” committed by Israel against Palestinians since the 7th of October “point to a genocide in the making.” The experts also said that they are “deeply disturbed by the failure of (world) governments to heed our call and to achieve an immediate ceasefire.” They continued, “We are also profoundly concerned about the support of certain governments for Israel’s strategy of warfare against the besieged population of Gaza, and the failure of the international system to mobilize to prevent genocide.” (4)

The war between Hamas and Israel has once again revealed the Western bias and double standards. At the beginning of the war, Western politicians queued up to show their support for Israel (5) and the Western mainstream media has been predominantly pro-Israel. The editorial in The New Humanitarian summed the situation up in a great way (6):

“We are preconditioned not to see Palestinian humanity because colonialism, white supremacy, and Islamophobia are still the dominant lens through which states, institutions, people, and media in the West view the world (although geopolitical interests are, of course, also at play).”

The bias of the Western politicians has been in full view ever since the Hamas-Israel war started. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, who said in April that Israel had made “the desert bloom”, was accused of “unacceptable bias” toward Israel when she said that Israel has the right to defend itself but didn’t criticize the humanitarian consequences of Israel’s retaliatory attacks in Gaza (7, 8). Foreign policy chief of the EU Josep Borrell caused controversy last year by saying that “Europe is a garden” and that “most of the rest of the world is a jungle, and the jungle could invade the garden.” (9) During a recent interview, Mr. Borrell said that Hamas’ attack on Israel on the 7th of October was a war crime. However, when he was asked if Israel’s attacks on Gaza are war crimes, he responded, “I’m not a lawyer.” (10) In France, prominent politicians – including members of President Macron’s party as well as leaders of the two far-right parties National Rally and Reconquest – marched against antisemitism but not against Islamophobia. Jean-Luc Mélenchon, leader of the far-left France Unbowed party, did not take part to the march – he said that it was the meeting of “friends of unconditional support for the massacre” in Gaza. (11, 12) Dutch pro-Israel far-right politician and notorious Islamophobe Geert Wilders, whose party won the elections in the Netherlands last month, declared that Palestinians should be relocated to Jordan (13).

The European Union has failed to call for a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel. The EU leaders have only agreed to call for “pauses for humanitarian needs” to allow aid into Gaza (14). Many European countries either voted against the United Nations General Assembly resolution calling for humanitarian truce or they abstained from the vote in October. However, majority of European countries supported the new UNGA resolution calling for ceasefire, yesterday. (15, 16) Some European politicians have been more openly critical about the situation. French president Macron as well as prime ministers of Spain and Belgium have called for a ceasefire and criticized the indiscriminate killing of Palestinian civilians. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said that the international community and Israel should recognize the state of Palestine. (17, 18) Spanish deputy Prime Minister Yolanda Díaz called for sanctions and arms embargo against Israel (19). European Council President Charles Michel warned Israel that it risks becoming isolated from the international community if it does not stop violating international law in the Gaza Strip (20).

After Brexit, Britain has become part of the US-Israel alliance and pro-Israel bias has become even more visible in Conservative Party and Labour Party. Conservative Friends of Israel CFI has claimed that 80 percent of Conservative MPs are members of their lobby group (21). Only six percent of Conservative MPs and members of the House of Lords are members of Conservative Friends of Palestine (22). During his visit to Israel, Conservative Prime Minister Rishi Sunak expressed solidary with Israel and he said to Prime Minister Netanyahu, “We want you to win.” (23) Al Jazeera revealed in its documentary series “The Lobby” in 2017 how Israel is trying to increase its influence in the British Labour Party (24). After pro-Palestine Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, who has also been condemned for calling Hamas “a friend”, was suspended from the Labour Party during antisemitism row in the party in 2020, Labour elected new leader Keir Starmer who is a Zionist and who apparently believes that anti-Zionism is antisemitism. (25, 26, 27) Also in 2020, the Labour Party hired Assaf Kaplan to be a social listening and organizing manager. Kaplan is a former intelligence officer from Unit 8200 in Israel Defense Forces. (28) Britain has supported only “humanitarian pauses” in the Hamas-Israel war. Several MPs from the Conservative Party and particularly from the Labour Party have been sacked or have resigned from their position in their party because they have supported a ceasefire. 56 Labour MPs defied the order of Starmer and voted for a motion that called for a ceasefire. (29, 30, 31) Labour leader Starmer’s endorsement of the destructive Israeli war in Gaza has caused massive 66 percent drop in Muslim community’s support for the Labour Party (32).

In the USA, Republicans have supported Israel enthusiastically. Soon after the Hamas-Israel war started, hawkish Republican senator Lindsey Graham claimed that Israel is “in a religious war” and he encouraged Israel to destroy Gaza by saying, “Do whatever you need to do to defend yourself. Level the place.” (33) Republican presidential candidate Nikki Haley said to Prime Minister Netanyahu, “Finish them. Finish them. Hamas did this. You know Iran is behind it. Finish them.” (34) Another Republican presidential candidate Ron DeSantis said that Israel should use “overwhelming force” so that “Hamas terrorist infrastructure and networks are eradicated from the Earth.” He would also refuse Palestinian refugees entry to the USA. He said, “If you look at how they (i.e. Palestinians) behave — not all of them are Hamas, but they are all antisemitic.” Former vice president and presidential candidate Mike Pence said that Egypt should accept Palestinian refugees. He continued, “Send us the bill. We’ll set up the refugee camps.” (35)

The actions and words of President Biden and his administration during the Hamas-Israel war have also revealed glaring bias. At the end of October, National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan said that the endgame in Gaza is “ultimately” up to Israel (36). However, President Biden sent a request to the Congress that Israel should be given 14 billion dollars extra defense funding to supplement the 3.8 billion dollars the USA gives Israel annually (37). According to media reports, the Biden administration has also requested the ability “to conduct arms deals with Israel in complete secrecy without Congressional or public oversight.” This has been seen as “a preventative measure to reduce complicity” if the International Criminal Court ICC decides to indict Israel for genocide. (38) The Biden administration sent ammunition to Israel without Congress’s approval, last week (39). In spite of growing criticism, President Biden still promised to continue supplying arms to Israel, on Monday (40).

The Biden administration said for weeks that there are “no red lines” regarding Israeli actions in Gaza (41). In his op-ed in The Washington Post on the 18th of November, President Biden demanded some limitations to the Israeli operation in Gaza but he resisted a ceasefire. He wrote, “As Hamas clings to its ideology of destruction, a ceasefire is not peace.” (42) The USA has also voted against any calls for a ceasefire at the United Nations. The UN Security Council was able to pass resolution calling for “humanitarian pauses” in Gaza after the USA abstained from the vote. (15, 16, 43, 44, 45) President Biden called the attack by Hamas on the 7th of October “the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust.” (46) However, he questioned the number of Palestinian casualties when he said, “I have no notion that the Palestinians are telling the truth about how many people are killed. I’m sure innocents have been killed, and it’s a price of waging war.” (47) President Biden’s unequivocal backing of Israel and his refusal to call for a more permanent ceasefire have caused a significant drop in his support among young adults and American Arabs and Muslims. According to a recent poll, 70 percent of Democratic voters ages 18 to 34 disapproved and only 51 percent of all Democratic voters approved the way Biden has handled the Hamas-Israel war. Only 34 percent of all voters approved of how Biden has handled the conflict (48). According to some recent surveys, Biden’s support among American Arabs and Muslims has fallen to 16-17 percent (49).

President Biden and his administration have now been talking about the importance of a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine. However, before the Hamas-Israel war started, when the USA was negotiating about the normalization agreement between Israel and Saudi Arabia, the Palestinians and the two-state solution were not that significant. What President Biden and his administration really seemed to care about was to secure the normalization agreement between Israel and Saudi Arabia and the defense deal between the USA and Saudi Arabia. Those agreements would have been a diplomatic victory for President Biden and a way to weaken Chinese influence in the Middle East. (50) When it comes to the two-state solution between the Palestinians and Israel, the USA is not seen as an honest broker. Noura Erakat, associate professor at Rutgers University, said (51):

“The US presents itself as an honest broker. And yet what we’ve seen again and again, especially since 1967, is the US talking out of both sides of its mouth. Out of one side of its mouth, it insists that it wants to see a two-state solution, but on the other side it provides Israel with the unequivocal military, diplomatic and financial support to expand its settler colonial ambitions and to entrench its projects.”

One other recent example of the pro-Israel bias of the USA has been President Trump’s decision to recognize Israel’s sovereignty over the occupied Golan Heights in 2019. President Biden has not reversed that decision. (52)

Israel estimated on Monday that the war against Hamas may continue for months. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said that what comes to the duration and the conduct of the fighting, “these are decisions for Israel to make.” (53) Many politicians, political experts and journalists have warned about the risk of a wider war in the Middle East. Nicolas J. S. Davies and Medea Benjamin wrote (54):

“America’s unconditional support for Israel and an endless supply of weapons have succeeded only in turning Israel into an out-of-control, genocidal, destabilising force at the heart of a fragile region already shattered and traumatised by decades of US war-making.

The result is a country that refuses to recognise its own borders or those of its neighbours, and rejects any and all limits on its territorial ambitions and war crimes.

If Israel’s actions lead to a wider war, the US will find itself with few allies ready to jump into the fray.”

Yesterday, President Biden warned Israel that it may start to lose international support because of the “indiscriminate bombing” of civilians in Gaza. However, as the latest UNGA voting results showed, also the USA is becoming more isolated. A total of 153 countries voted in favour of the resolution calling for a ceasefire, 23 countries abstained from the vote. The USA, Israel and only eight other countries voted against the resolution. (16, 55) It is also worth thinking that if there will be a wider war in the Middle East, that may take place at the same time when the situation inside the USA is becoming more volatile. Former president Trump, who is currently leading the polls to become the Republican presidential candidate next year, has talked openly about his autocratic plans. Trump and his far-right supporters are considered to be a serious threat to democracy and political stability in the USA. (56, 57)

In October, United Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator Martin Griffiths said about the war between Israel and the Palestinians (58):

“History is watching to see if the consequences of this war are going to be generationally bad or if there are going to be ways in which swiftly that can be rebuilt, some kind of comity or neighbourliness between those two tragic peoples.”

At the moment the situation is disastrous and dangerous.

References:

(1) “UN envoys say ‘enough’ to Israel-Hamas war on trip to Gaza border” Al Jazeera 11.12.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/11/un-envoys-say-enough-to-israel-hamas-war-on-trip-to-gaza-border

(2) “EU mulls sanctions on violent Israeli settlers in occupied West Bank” Al Jazeera 11.12.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/11/eu-mulls-sanctions-on-violent-israeli-settlers-in-occupied-west-bank

(3) “800 scholars warn of potential genocide in Gaza” Middle East Monitor 1.11.2023

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231101-800-scholars-warn-of-potential-genocide-in-gaza/

(4) “Israel’s ‘grave violations’ against Palestinians ‘point to a genocide in making’: UN experts” Middle East Monitor 16.11.2023

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231116-israels-grave-violations-against-palestinians-point-to-a-genocide-in-making-un-experts/

(5) “The Dignitaries Who Have Visited Israel So Far” Wall Street Journal 25.10.2023

https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-news-gaza-palestinians/card/dignitaries-visits-to-israel-JbqAIbSX8QTXQppPewlV

(6) “Media coverage of Israel and Gaza is rife with deadly double standards” The New Humanitarian 23.10.2023

https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/editorial/2023/10/23/media-coverage-israel-and-gaza-double-standards

(7) “Palestinians hit out at EU leader for claiming Israel made ‘desert bloom'” Middle East Eye 27.4.2023

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/palestinians-hit-out-eu-claim-israel-desert-bloom

(8) “Von der Leyen accused of ‘unacceptable bias’ toward Israel” Politico 14.10.2023

https://www.politico.eu/article/von-der-leyen-visit-israel-gaza-hamas-conflict-bias/

(9) “UAE furious over EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell’s ‘jungle’ remarks” Politico 18.10.2022

https://www.politico.eu/article/uae-eu-josep-borrell-jungle-remark-foreign-policy/

(10) “‘I am Not a Lawyer’, Yes, I am – Gaza, and the Moral Inconsistencies of EU Foreign Policy Chief” The Palestine Chronicle 20.11.2023

https://www.palestinechronicle.com/i-am-not-a-lawyer-i-am-a-lawyer-the-inconsistencies-of-eu-foreign-policy-chief/#

(11) “More than 180,000 join marches against anti-Semitism in France” Al Jazeera 13.11.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/13/more-than-180000-join-marches-against-anti-semitism-in-france

(12) “Israel-Palestine war: Anti-Muslim racism in France surges with ‘full impunity'” Middle East Eye 19.11.2023

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-france-anti-muslim-racism-surge-impunity

(13) “Arab states condemn Geert Wilders for push to relocate Palestinians to Jordan” Politico 25.11.2023

https://www.politico.eu/article/geert-wilders-netherlands-palestinians-jordan-arab-states-condemn/

(14) “EU leaders call for humanitarian ‘pauses’ in Israel-Hamas war” Politico 26.10.2023

https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-leaders-call-for-humanitarian-pauses-in-middle-east-war/

(15) “UNGA calls for humanitarian truce in Israel-Gaza war: How countries voted” Al Jazeera 27.10.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/27/unga-calls-for-humanitarian-truce-in-israel-hamas-war-how-countries-voted

(16) “UNGA demands ceasefire in Israel’s war on Gaza: How your country voted” Al Jazeera 12.12.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/13/unga-decisively-backs-gaza-ceasefire-resolution-how-your-country-voted

(17) “France’s Macron urges Israel to stop bombing and killing civilians in Gaza” Al Jazeera 11.11.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/11/frances-macron-urges-israel-to-stop-bombing-and-killing-civilians-in-gaza

(18) “Spain and Belgium deplore Israel’s killing of thousands in Gaza” Euronews 24.11.2023

https://www.euronews.com/2023/11/24/spain-and-belgium-deplore-israels-killing-of-thousands-in-gaza

(19) “Spanish deputy PM calls for sanctions and arms embargo against Israel” Middle East Monitor 16.11.2023

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231116-spanish-deputy-pm-calls-for-sanctions-and-arms-embargo-against-israel/

(20) “EU warns Israel it will be isolated” Middle East Monitor 10.11.2023

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231110-eu-warns-israel-it-will-be-isolated/

(21) “Conservative Friends of Israel” Powerbase

https://powerbase.info/index.php/Conservative_Friends_of_Israel

(22) “The Tories can never be true friends of Palestine” Al Jazeera 2.6.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/6/2/the-tories-can-never-be-true-friends-of-palestine

(23) “Rishi Sunak tells Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu: ‘We want you to win’” Politico 18.10.2023

https://www.politico.eu/article/rishi-sunak-uk-to-visit-israel-amidst-increasing-conflict/

(24) “The Lobby” documentary series by Al Jazeera Investigations 2017

https://www.ajiunit.com/investigation/the-lobby/

(25) “What did Jeremy Corbyn say about Israel, Hamas, and Palestine? Is he at the Labour Party conference?” Yahoo News 8.10.2023

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/did-jeremy-corbyn-israel-hamas-152226108.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmZpLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAEMvY0CwIZ_ewtoRrx7Xaqie-g5U_NRXhJRpo97x7zycxhJMHxxjTyToYQWvnUhMlvjvq9w3ZsDnJmcKrxRN5AE03g1gbnrO12oUv-qZ_fUk5dRC5bpYQ8Ljav6-sVfv1anmny1jzJXHOugw3-coTQ431MGJPWP7Y-JLXYtHvEqI

(26) “After Corbyn, UK Labour elects Keir Starmer, Zionist with Jewish wife, as leader” The Times of Israel 4.4.2020

https://www.timesofisrael.com/keir-starmer-elected-uk-labour-chief-apologizes-to-jews-for-party-anti-semitism/

(27) “Keir Starmer believes anti-Zionism is antisemitism, Israeli politician reveals” The Jewish Chronicle 25.9.2022

https://www.thejc.com/news/keir-starmer-believes-anti-zionism-is-antisemitism-israeli-politician-reveals-b3s6880b

(28) “UK Labour Party hires former Israeli spy” The Electronic Intifada 19.1.2021

https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/asa-winstanley/uk-labour-party-hires-former-israeli-spy

(29) “UK MP Paul Bristow sacked as aide after call for Israel-Gaza ceasefire” Al Jazeera 31.10.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/31/uk-mp-paul-bristow-sacked-as-aide-after-call-for-israel-gaza-ceasefire

(30) “Eight members of UK Labour shadow cabinet dismissed after calling for ceasefire in Gaza” Le Monde 16.11.2023

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/11/16/eight-members-of-uk-labour-shadow-cabinet-dismissed-after-calling-for-ceasefire-in-gaza_6261268_4.html

(31) “Keir Starmer hit by major rebellion as 10 of his frontbenchers back Gaza cease-fire” Politico 15.11.2023

https://www.politico.eu/article/keir-starmer-hit-by-major-rebellion-as-10-of-his-frontbenchers-back-gaza-cease-fire/

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https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/labour-party-muslim-support-massive-drop

(33) “US Republican Senator slammed for claiming Israel is waging a ‘religious war’” Middle East Monitor 13.10.2023

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231013-us-republican-senator-slammed-for-claiming-israel-is-waging-a-religious-war/

(34) “Nikki Haley to Netanyahu: Finish Hamas; they should have hell to pay” The Jerusalem Post 9.10.2023

https://www.jpost.com/american-politics/article-765301

(35) “What Republican presidential candidates are saying about the Israel-Hamas war” NPR 18.10.2023

https://www.npr.org/2023/10/18/1206565510/republican-president-election-israel-hamas-trump-haley-biden

(36) “US: End game in Gaza ‘ultimately’ up to Israel” The Hill 29.10.2023

https://thehill.com/homenews/4282024-us-end-game-in-gaza-ultimately-up-to-israel/

(37) “‘War Is Expensive’: How the Israel Aid Package Went From Big to Bigger” TIME 9.11.2023

https://time.com/6333253/aid-israel-price-us-14-billion/

(38) “Accused of ‘genocide’ in Gaza and fearing ICC prosecution: US seeks to hide arms deal with Israel” Middle East Monitor 3.11.2023

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231103-accused-of-genocide-in-gaza-and-fearing-icc-prosecution-us-seeks-to-hide-arms-deal-with-israel/

(39) “US sent tank shells without Congress approval to bolster Israel’s Gaza war” TRT World 9.12.2023

https://www.trtworld.com/us-and-canada/us-sent-tank-shells-without-congress-approval-to-bolster-israels-gaza-war-16168932

(40) “US President Joe Biden pledges to continue supplying arms to Israel” Middle East Monitor 12.12.2023

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231212-us-president-joe-biden-pledges-to-continue-supplying-arms-to-israel/

(41) “White House says still no red lines for Israel” Mideast Discourse 7.11.2023

https://www.mideastdiscourse.com/2023/11/07/white-house-says-still-no-red-lines-for-israel/

(42) “Biden calls for ‘revitalized PA’ control of Gaza after war” Jewish News Syndicate 19.11.2023

https://www.jns.org/biden-calls-for-revitalized-pa-control-of-gaza-after-war/

(43) “US resists ceasefire call in UN Security Council debate on Israel-Gaza war” Al Jazeera 25.10.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/25/us-resists-ceasefire-call-in-un-security-council-debate-on-israel-gaza-war

(44) “‘Double standards’: World reacts to US veto on Gaza truce resolution at UN” Al Jazeera 9.12.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/9/double-standards-world-reacts-to-us-vetoing-unsc-gaza-resolution

(45) “UN Security Council adopts resolution for ‘humanitarian pauses’ in Gaza” Al Jazeera 15.11.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/15/unsc-adopts-resolution-calling-for-extended-humanitarian-pauses

(46) “Biden calls Hamas attacks the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust as US death toll ticks up” AP 12.10.2023

https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-us-biden-blinken-99eb4063edabc80fa1fa198fb0bb020e

(47) “Biden says civilian deaths ‘price of waging war,’ denies Palestinian death toll” The New Arab 26.10.2023

https://www.newarab.com/news/biden-civilian-death-price-war-denies-gaza-death-toll

(48) “Biden’s support among Democrats erodes on handling of Israel-Hamas war” The Hill 19.11.2023

https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4317318-bidens-support-among-democrats-erodes-on-handling-of-israel-hamas-war/

(49) “Biden’s outreach to US Arabs, Muslims ‘falling flat’ amid Israel-Gaza war” Al Jazeera 7.11.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/7/bidens-outreach-to-us-arabs-and-muslims-falling-flat-amid-gaza-war

(50) “Report: Riyadh-Washington defense pact to move forward even without Palestinians” Israel Hayom 29.9.2023

https://www.israelhayom.com/2023/09/29/report-saudi-arabia-keen-on-finalizing-us-defense-alliance-even-without-major-palestinian-breakthrough/

(51) “Have the US and Israel agreed on Gaza’s future?” Al Jazeera 21.11.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/21/have-the-us-and-israel-agreed-on-gazas-future

(52) “Biden Can’t Denounce Russia’s Annexations and Ignore Israel’s” Foreign Policy 6.12.2022

https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/12/06/biden-cant-denounce-russias-annexations-and-ignore-israels/

(53) “Israel continues to pound Gaza as it warns war could continue for ‘months’” Al Jazeera 11.12.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/11/gaza-war-could-stretch-on-months-as-israel-continues-southern-push

(54) “Israel-Palestine war: America’s enemies are multiplying by the day” Middle East Eye 8.12.2023

https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/israel-palestine-war-america-enemies-multiplying-day

(55) “Biden warns Israel risks losing support over ‘indiscriminate’ Gaza bombing” Al Jazeera 12.12.2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/12/biden-warns-israel-losing-support-over-indiscriminate-gaza-bombing

(56) “Trump Holds Wide Lead in Republican 2024 Nominating Contest – Reuters/Ipsos Poll” U.S. News 11.12.2023

https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2023-12-11/trump-holds-wide-lead-in-republican-2024-nominating-contest-reuters-ipsos-poll

(57) “A second Trump term will be far more autocratic than the first. He’s telling us” The Guardian 4.12.2023

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/dec/04/a-second-trump-term-will-be-far-more-autocratic-than-the-first-hes-telling-us

(58) “Gaza: ‘History is watching’ warns UN relief chief, saying aid access is key priority” UN News 16.10.2023

https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142382